OK
https://www.economist.com/
Yemen
Country
Network
September 19, 2024, 06:05 PM UTC
Date & Time
Websites
Websites
Runtime: 8.8s
On September 19, 2024, 06:05 PM UTC, https://www.economist.com/ was accessible when tested on AS30873 in Yemen.

Failures

HTTP Experiment
null
DNS Experiment
null
Control
null

DNS Queries

Resolver:
82.114.164.234
Query:
IN A www.economist.com
Engine:
system
Name
Class
TTL
Type
DATA
@
IN
A
172.64.145.237
@
IN
A
104.18.42.19

TCP Connections

Connection to 172.64.145.237:443 succeeded.
Connection to 104.18.42.19:443 succeeded.

HTTP Requests

URL
GET https://www.economist.com/
Response Headers
Cache-Control:
public,must-revalidate,max-age=300,s-maxage=0
Cf-Cache-Status:
DYNAMIC
Cf-Ray:
8c5b80f7ecbad1d8-MCT
Content-Type:
text/html; charset=utf-8
Date:
Thu, 19 Sep 2024 18:05:25 GMT
Server:
cloudflare
Set-Cookie:
economist_has_visited_app_before=true; Path=/; expires=Thu, 19 Dec 2024 18:05:25 GMT;
Via:
1.1 59200cf8e35c5a7273b88a148fe1e0a4.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
X-Amz-Cf-Id:
Z5U5Sjy9aKEZOvCbC1cVXpEBT5UBsYKur1aIj_I3feOxWyALKEp1Dg==
X-Amz-Cf-Pop:
SIN52-P1
X-Cache:
Miss from cloudfront
X-Economist-Features:
SF_SIGNPOSTING,SOURCEPOINT,ONBOARDING_NOTIFICATION,ONBOARDING_GROUP_NOTIFICATION,LAPSED_USER_NOTIFICATION,CP2_ARTICLE,REGISTRANT_ONBOARDING,TWA_HOMEPAGE,TOPIC_PAGE,CUE_HOMEPAGE,ARTICLE_TAGS,GROUP_SUBSCRIBER_WELCOME_MODAL,GROUP_ONE_TIME_COOKIE_BANNER,TYPE_QUERY_MIDDLEWARE,ARTICLE_INTERVENTION_BANNER,SHOW_AI_SEARCH_CTA,CP2_ARTICLE_EDITION,TEASER_CARD_TIME_FIELD,TWIB_TIMEZONE,CP2_REPORTS,CP2_TYPE_QUERY,SEARCH_PROXY_API,ZEPHR_ACQUISITION_BANNERS,LOAD_SOURCEPOINT_SCRIPTS_HIGHER,CP2_CACHED_URL,CP2_ARTICLE_MORE_FROM,CP2_TWIB,B2B_PERSONALISED_RECOMMENDATIONS,CP2_IN_BRIEF_REDIRECT
X-Economist-Host:
www.economist.com
Response Body
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{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"itemList","@name":"Featured articles","itemListElement":[{"@type":"listItem","position":1,"item":{"@type":"Article","url":"https://www.economist.com/united-states/2024/09/19/pennsylvania-has-become-the-most-important-battleground-in-americas-presidential-election","datePublished":"2024-09-19T12:42:08Z","headline":"Pennsylvania has become the most important battleground in America’s presidential election","image":"https://www.economist.com/media-assets/image/20240921_USP003.jpg","author":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","name":"The Economist"}}},{"@type":"listItem","position":2,"item":{"@type":"Article","url":"https://www.economist.com/international/2024/09/18/a-un-vote-on-palestine-underlines-americas-weakening-clout","datePublished":"2024-09-18T16:38:48Z","headline":"A UN vote on Palestine underlines America’s weakening 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</script><h1 class="visually-hidden">The Economist | Independent journalism</h1><style data-emotion="css riwnn3">.css-riwnn3{margin-bottom:3rem;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.css-riwnn3{margin-bottom:3.5rem;}}.css-riwnn3 >.ds-section-headline+*,.css-riwnn3 >.e1pkqesp0>.ds-section-headline+*{margin-top:1.25rem;}</style><section class="css-riwnn3 e115cdyu0"><style data-emotion="css 1wi6041">.css-1wi6041{background-color:#f5f0ef;padding:1.5rem 0.75rem;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.css-1wi6041{padding:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-1wi6041{padding:2rem 2rem 1.5rem 2rem;}}.css-1wi6041 h3{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;text-align:center;font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-6);}.css-1wi6041 h3 a{display:inline;}.css-1wi6041 h3 a:focus{background-color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-5),0.05);}.css-1wi6041 h3 a:active{background:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.css-1wi6041 h3{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-7);}}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-1wi6041 h3{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-8);}}.css-1wi6041 p{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;text-align:center;}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-1wi6041 p{margin-bottom:0.5rem;}}.css-1wi6041 img{display:block;width:100%;}.css-1wi6041 ._fly-title{font-weight:500;color:var(--ds-color-economist-red);}.css-1wi6041 ._related-grid{grid-row-gap:0.5rem;}.css-1wi6041 ._related-article::before{content:'';background-color:#d7c2c1;display:block;width:calc(var(--ds-grid-gutter) * 2);height:0.063rem;margin-bottom:0.5rem;}.css-1wi6041 .ds-link-with-arrow{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-upper);}.css-1wi6041 .ds-link-with-arrow span{border:none;font-weight:400;}.css-1wi6041 .ds-link-with-arrow strong{font-weight:500;}.css-1wi6041 .ds-link-with-arrow::before{font-weight:500;margin-right:0.375rem;}.css-1wi6041 .ds-link-with-arrow:hover span{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-1wi6041 .ds-link-with-arrow:focus span{background-color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-5),0.05);color:var(--ds-color-london-5);box-shadow:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-1wi6041 .ds-link-with-arrow:active span{background:none;color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);}</style><div class="css-1wi6041 e1u8t96k0"><style data-emotion="css qpe022">.css-qpe022{display:grid;grid-auto-flow:row;grid-column-gap:var(--ds-grid-gutter);grid-row-gap:3rem;grid-auto-columns:1fr;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:89.5rem;overflow:hidden;position:relative;grid-row-gap:1.5rem;grid-template-areas:"main main main main main main main main main main main main" "image image image image image image image image image image image image" "related related related related related related related related related related related related";}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-qpe022{grid-template-areas:". main main main main main main main main main main ." "related related related related related related related related related related related related" "image image image image image image image image image image image image";}}</style><div class="css-qpe022 e188esf00"><style data-emotion="css 1kv55d5">.css-1kv55d5{grid-area:main;position:relative;-webkit-align-self:auto;-ms-flex-item-align:auto;align-self:auto;}.css-1kv55d5:last-child::after{height:0;}</style><div class="css-1kv55d5 en4o1560"><style data-emotion="css uqadd9">.css-uqadd9{font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-5);font-weight:normal;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-upper);}.css-uqadd9 a{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ds-color-london-5);display:block;}.css-uqadd9 a:hover,.css-uqadd9 a:hover{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-uqadd9 a:focus,.css-uqadd9 a:focus{background-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-95);color:var(--ds-color-london-5);outline:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-uqadd9 a:active,.css-uqadd9 a:active{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);}.css-uqadd9 a::before{bottom:0;content:'';display:block;left:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;text-indent:-999em;top:0;white-space:nowrap;z-index:1;}.css-uqadd9+.e7x1xmz0,.css-uqadd9+style+.e7x1xmz0{margin-top:0.5rem;}.e1p220na0 .css-uqadd9+.e7x1xmz0{margin-top:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.css-uqadd9{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-7);}}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-uqadd9{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-8);}}</style><h3 id="takeover-main-article" class="css-uqadd9 e7j57mt0"><span class="_fly-title">Powering through</span><span> | </span><a href="/leaders/2024/09/19/the-breakthrough-ai-needs" data-analytics="takeover:headline_1">The chip breakthrough AI needs</a></h3><style data-emotion="css hv6hrz">.css-hv6hrz{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif);max-width:43.75rem;font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-1);line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);}</style><p class="css-hv6hrz e7x1xmz0">A race is on to push artificial intelligence beyond today’s limits</p></div><style data-emotion="css hrqmbm">.css-hrqmbm{grid-area:related;position:relative;-webkit-align-self:auto;-ms-flex-item-align:auto;align-self:auto;}.css-hrqmbm:last-child::after{height:0;}</style><div class="css-hrqmbm en4o1560"><style data-emotion="css 9pn9pr">.css-9pn9pr{display:grid;grid-auto-flow:row;grid-column-gap:var(--ds-grid-gutter);grid-row-gap:3rem;grid-auto-columns:1fr;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:89.5rem;overflow:hidden;position:relative;}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-9pn9pr{grid-template:auto/repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));}}</style><div class="_related-grid css-9pn9pr e188esf00"><style data-emotion="css 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technology</span></a></div><div class="_related-article css-o20w61 en4o1560"><a class="ds-link-with-arrow ds-link-with-arrow--selected ds-link-with-arrow--text-right" href="https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2024/09/19/chinas-ai-firms-are-cleverly-innovating-around-chip-bans" data-analytics="takeover:headline_4"><span><strong>The mother of invention<!-- -->: </strong>China’s AI firms are cleverly innovating around chip bans</span></a></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css ysve17">.css-ysve17{grid-area:image;position:relative;-webkit-align-self:auto;-ms-flex-item-align:auto;align-self:auto;}.css-ysve17:last-child::after{height:0;}</style><div class="css-ysve17 en4o1560"><a href="/leaders/2024/09/19/the-breakthrough-ai-needs" aria-labelledby="takeover-main-article" data-analytics="takeover:headline_1"><style data-emotion="css j0a8mg">.css-j0a8mg img{display:block;}.css-j0a8mg .egmy3ck2{margin-top:0.25rem;}</style><figure class="css-j0a8mg e1197rjj0"><img alt="" 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theme="[object Object]" fetchpriority="high" alt="" width="1280" height="720" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" sizes="(min-width: 1440px) 700px, (min-width: 1280px) 600px, (min-width: 960px) 66vw, 90vw" srcSet="https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=256,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_USP003.jpg 256w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=360,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_USP003.jpg 360w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=384,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_USP003.jpg 384w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=480,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_USP003.jpg 480w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=600,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_USP003.jpg 600w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=834,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_USP003.jpg 834w, 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svg{margin-right:0.125rem;}.css-1cn46a4+*{margin-top:0.125rem;}</style><p class="css-1cn46a4 e8l300f0"> <!-- -->United States</p><style data-emotion="css 9t3nig">.css-9t3nig{font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-4);font-weight:normal;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-upper);}.css-9t3nig a{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ds-color-london-5);display:block;}.css-9t3nig a:hover,.css-9t3nig a:hover{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-9t3nig a:focus,.css-9t3nig a:focus{background-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-95);color:var(--ds-color-london-5);outline:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-9t3nig a:active,.css-9t3nig a:active{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);}.css-9t3nig a::before{bottom:0;content:'';display:block;left:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;text-indent:-999em;top:0;white-space:nowrap;z-index:1;}.css-9t3nig+.e7x1xmz0,.css-9t3nig+style+.e7x1xmz0{margin-top:0.5rem;}.e1p220na0 .css-9t3nig+.e7x1xmz0{margin-top:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.css-9t3nig{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-5);}}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-9t3nig{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-6);}}</style><h3 class="css-9t3nig e7j57mt0"><a href="/united-states/2024/09/19/pennsylvania-has-become-the-most-important-battleground-in-americas-presidential-election" data-analytics="top_stories:headline_1">Pennsylvania has become the most important battleground in America’s presidential election</a></h3><p class="css-hv6hrz e7x1xmz0">Buckets of money, vicious advertising and consultants galore have left the race for the state a virtual tie</p></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css 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.css-epjhwc{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;}}.e1ft9m2r0 .css-epjhwc{margin-left:0.75rem;margin-top:0;}@media (max-width:29.9375rem){.e1ft9m2r0 .css-epjhwc{padding-top:0.375rem;}}.e7008vq0 .css-epjhwc{padding-bottom:1.5rem;border-bottom:var(--ds-border-rule);}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-epjhwc{display:block;}}</style><div class="css-epjhwc e1tkrji50"><style data-emotion="css onl6tg">.css-onl6tg{position:relative;float:none;width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;}.css-onl6tg img{display:block;}.css-onl6tg svg{bottom:0;display:block;left:0;position:absolute;width:15%;}.css-onl6tg+.e1ik1iw00{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+style+.e1ik1iw00{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+.e7j57mt0{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+style+.e7j57mt0{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+.e8l300f0{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+style+.e8l300f0{margin-top:0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.css-onl6tg{float:right;margin:0.25rem 0 0 1.5rem;width:50%;padding:0;}.css-onl6tg+.e1ik1iw00{margin-top:0;}.css-onl6tg+.e7j57mt0{margin-top:0;}.css-onl6tg+.e8l300f0{margin-top:0;}}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-onl6tg{float:none;width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;}.css-onl6tg+.e1ik1iw00{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+style+.e1ik1iw00{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+.e7j57mt0{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+style+.e7j57mt0{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+.e8l300f0{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+style+.e8l300f0{margin-top:0.5rem;}}</style><div class="css-onl6tg e1jjvxhk0"><figure class="css-j0a8mg e1197rjj0"><img theme="[object Object]" alt="" loading="lazy" width="1280" height="720" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" sizes="(min-width: 1440px) 335px, (min-width: 1280px) 22.5vw, (min-width: 960px) 30vw, (min-width: 600px) 47.5vw, 95vw" srcSet="https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=128,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_IRP001.jpg 128w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=256,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_IRP001.jpg 256w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=360,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_IRP001.jpg 360w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=384,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_IRP001.jpg 384w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=480,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_IRP001.jpg 480w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=600,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_IRP001.jpg 600w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=834,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_IRP001.jpg 834w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=960,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_IRP001.jpg 960w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1096,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_IRP001.jpg 1096w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1280,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_IRP001.jpg 1280w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1424,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_IRP001.jpg 1424w" src="https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1424,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_IRP001.jpg"/></figure></div><div class="css-0 e1ik1iw00"><p class="css-1cn46a4 e8l300f0"> <!-- -->International</p><style data-emotion="css 107bvwz">.css-107bvwz{font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-3);font-weight:normal;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-upper);}.css-107bvwz a{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ds-color-london-5);display:block;}.css-107bvwz a:hover,.css-107bvwz a:hover{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-107bvwz a:focus,.css-107bvwz a:focus{background-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-95);color:var(--ds-color-london-5);outline:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-107bvwz a:active,.css-107bvwz a:active{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);}.css-107bvwz a::before{bottom:0;content:'';display:block;left:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;text-indent:-999em;top:0;white-space:nowrap;z-index:1;}.css-107bvwz+.e7x1xmz0,.css-107bvwz+style+.e7x1xmz0{margin-top:0.5rem;}.e1p220na0 .css-107bvwz+.e7x1xmz0{margin-top:0;}</style><h3 class="css-107bvwz e7j57mt0"><a href="/international/2024/09/18/a-un-vote-on-palestine-underlines-americas-weakening-clout" data-analytics="top_stories:headline_2">A UN vote on Palestine underlines America’s weakening clout</a></h3><style data-emotion="css llqkfq">.css-llqkfq{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif);max-width:43.75rem;font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);}</style><p class="css-llqkfq e7x1xmz0">Russia and China are riding a surge of support for the Palestinians since the Gaza war started</p></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1cekwqg">.css-1cekwqg{border-width:0;border-top:1px solid var(--ds-color-london-85);margin:1.5rem 0;margin:1.5rem 0 1.25rem 0;width:100%;}</style><hr class="css-1cekwqg e188esf01"/><style data-emotion="css 1oxgqf4">.css-1oxgqf4{position:relative;width:100%;margin-top:0;overflow:hidden;display:block;}.eeawncf0 .css-1oxgqf4,.e1ns5z760 .css-1oxgqf4{margin-top:-0.25rem;margin-bottom:0;}@media (min-width: 22.5rem){.eeawncf0 .css-1oxgqf4,.e1ns5z760 .css-1oxgqf4{margin-top:-0.25rem;margin-bottom:0;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.eeawncf0 .css-1oxgqf4,.e1ns5z760 .css-1oxgqf4{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 60rem){.eeawncf0 .css-1oxgqf4,.e1ns5z760 .css-1oxgqf4{margin-top:-0.25rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.eeawncf0 .css-1oxgqf4,.e1ns5z760 .css-1oxgqf4{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:1.5rem;}}.e1ft9m2r0 .css-1oxgqf4{margin-left:0.75rem;margin-top:0;}@media (max-width:29.9375rem){.e1ft9m2r0 .css-1oxgqf4{padding-top:0.375rem;}}.e7008vq0 .css-1oxgqf4{padding-bottom:1.5rem;border-bottom:var(--ds-border-rule);}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-1oxgqf4{display:block;}}</style><div class="css-1oxgqf4 e1tkrji50"><div class="css-0 e1ik1iw00"><p class="css-1cn46a4 e8l300f0"> <!-- -->Business</p><h3 class="css-107bvwz e7j57mt0"><a href="/business/2024/09/19/how-much-trouble-is-boeing-in" data-analytics="top_stories:headline_3">How much trouble is Boeing in?</a></h3><p class="css-llqkfq e7x1xmz0">A protracted strike could cause lasting damage</p></div></div><style data-emotion="css jzdb0t">.css-jzdb0t{border-width:0;border-top:1px solid var(--ds-color-london-85);margin:1.5rem 0;margin:1.5rem 0 0;width:100%;display:block;}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-jzdb0t{display:none;}}</style><hr class="css-jzdb0t e188esf01"/></div><style data-emotion="css jezcio">.css-jezcio{border-width:0;border-top:1px solid var(--ds-color-london-85);grid-area:line;margin:0;width:100%;display:none;}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-jezcio{display:block;}}</style><hr class="css-jezcio e188esf01"/><style data-emotion="css 6poim0">.css-6poim0{grid-area:side;position:relative;-webkit-align-self:auto;-ms-flex-item-align:auto;align-self:auto;}.css-6poim0:last-child::after{height:0;}</style><div class="css-6poim0 en4o1560"><style data-emotion="css npe7f6">.css-npe7f6{border-width:0;border-top:1px solid var(--ds-color-london-85);margin:1.5rem 0;margin:-1.5rem 0 1.5rem 0;width:100%;display:block;}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-npe7f6{display:none;}}</style><hr class="css-npe7f6 e188esf01"/><style data-emotion="css 10fa995">.css-10fa995{background-color:var(--ds-color-los-angeles-95);box-sizing:border-box;padding:0 var(--ds-grid-gap) 1.5rem;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans);position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.css-10fa995 .e14rcxam0 small{font-family:inherit;font-variant:small-caps no-common-ligatures no-discretionary-ligatures no-historical-ligatures no-contextual;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);text-transform:lowercase;}.css-10fa995 ._timestamp{color:var(--ds-color-london-35);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale--2);font-weight:300;}.css-10fa995 ._gobbet{margin-top:1.375rem;max-width:32rem;margin-left:0;}.css-10fa995 ._gobbet p{font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans);font-weight:400;font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);color:var(--ds-color-london-20);}.css-10fa995 ._cta{margin-top:2rem;}.css-10fa995 ._cta .ds-emphasised-link::before{bottom:0;content:'';display:block;left:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;text-indent:-999em;top:0;white-space:nowrap;z-index:1;}</style><div class="css-10fa995 e136yl5o0"><div class="_content"><h2 class="ds-section-headline ds-section-headline--rule-accent">The world in brief</h2><style data-emotion="css 1tbx9xw">.css-1tbx9xw{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-1);line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);}.css-1tbx9xw b,.css-1tbx9xw strong{font-weight:600;}.css-1tbx9xw em,.css-1tbx9xw i{font-style:italic;}.css-1tbx9xw small{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);display:inline;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif-smallcaps);font-size:inherit;font-variant-ligatures:none;text-transform:lowercase;}.css-1tbx9xw sub{font-size:smaller;position:relative;top:0.25rem;vertical-align:baseline;}.css-1tbx9xw sup{bottom:0.5rem;font-size:smaller;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline;}.css-1tbx9xw a{border-bottom:0.125rem solid var(--ds-color-chicago-45);color:var(--ds-color-london-5);-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:border-color var(--ds-interactions-transition),color var(--ds-interactions-transition);transition:border-color var(--ds-interactions-transition),color var(--ds-interactions-transition);}.css-1tbx9xw a:hover{border-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);}.css-1tbx9xw a:focus{border-bottom-color:transparent;box-shadow:0 0 0 0.125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);outline:solid transparent;}.css-1tbx9xw a:active{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);box-shadow:none;color:var(--ds-color-london-5);}</style><div class="_gobbet css-1tbx9xw e14rcxam0"><p><b>Israel </b>launched air strikes on southern Lebanon...</p></div><div class="_gobbet css-1tbx9xw e14rcxam0"><p>The <b><small>S</small>&amp;<small>P</small> 500</b>, an index of big American stocks, climbed to a record high after the Federal Reserve <!-- -->cut interest rates<!-- --> by half a percentage point on Wednesday...</p></div><div class="_gobbet css-1tbx9xw e14rcxam0"><p><b>Axel Springer</b> agreed to a deal with <b><small>KKR</small></b>, an American private-equity titan, to split its advertising business from its media segment...</p></div><div class="_gobbet css-1tbx9xw e14rcxam0"><p><b>Edmundo González</b>, <!-- -->the real winner<!-- --> of <b>Venezuela’s</b> presidential election in July, said he was blackmailed into signing a letter acknowledging the victory of Nicolás Maduro, the autocratic incumbent...</p></div></div><div class="_cta"><a class="ds-emphasised-link ds-emphasised-link--secondary" href="/the-world-in-brief"><span>Continue reading</span></a></div></div><hr class="css-jzdb0t e188esf01"/></div><style data-emot

Resolver

Resolver ASN
AS30873
Resolver IP
82.114.164.234
Resolver Network Name
Public Telecommunication Corporation
Report ID
20240919T175644Z_webconnectivity_YE_30873_n1_4oNQFin7ziToZswU
Platform
android
Software Name
ooniprobe-android (3.3.1)
Measurement Engine
ooniprobe-engine (3.10.0-beta.3)

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